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020.65 ACCESS TO U.S. GOVERNMENT INFORMATION VIA THE INTERNET
by Charles R. McClure
cmcclure@suvm.acs.syr.edu
Increasingly, U.S. government information can be accessed via the
Internet. Furthermore, recent policy initiatives are likely to
increase both the amount and the scope of this information. With
increased pressures on Federal agencies to reduce costs for
information management activities and yet increase access to
government information, making information accessible via the
Internet seems to be a strategy with increased agency support.
Moreover, the evolving Federal information policy system is
encouraging this development.
As an example, a number of Federal agencies currently maintain
archives of reports and information easily accessible via the
Internet. One example is the National Science Foundation (NSF),
where a range of reports, information about funding
opportunities, and other information can be accessed via the
Internet.
Another example is the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) _Master Directory_, which is an
information inventory/locator system to a range of other
scientific information. The _Master Directory_ can be searched
directly via Internet--as opposed to other information resources
that agencies put up on file servers that are "archival" in the
sense that they are intended to be downloaded but not searched.
Numerous other examples can be provided describing Federal
agencies' uses of the Internet.
Agency-based bulletin boards and lists are being developed (or
are already in operation) which can be accessed via the Internet.
Indeed, there is no comprehensive listing of what government
lists, bulletin boards, and databases are, in fact, available via
the Internet and how to access them. But, the key point is that
such uses and applications are likely to grow exponentially over
the next few years. Indeed, the current policy framework is
encouraging agencies to exploit the Internet.
The High Performance Computing Act of 1991
Language contained in the High Performance Computing Act
(HPCA) of 1991 (P.L. 102-194) is relatively specific in its
intent. Section 101 (2) (E) states:
The Program [the High Performance Computing and the National
Research Network] shall provide for improved dissemination of
Federal agency data and electronic information.
Section 102 (b) states:
Federal agencies and departments shall work with private
network service providers, State and local agencies, libraries,
educational institutions and organizations, and others as
appropriate, in order to ensure that the researchers, educators,
and students have access, as appropriate, to the Network.
The Network is to provide users with appropriate access to
high-performance computing systems, electronic information
resources, other research facilities and libraries.
In short, the HPCA has set a tone for Federal agencies to use the
Internet for the dissemination of government information, and it
encourages agencies to work cooperatively with other groups in
increasing access to a range of electronic information--including
government information.
Other Policy Initiatives
In addition to the language contained in P.L. 102-194, a number
of other policy initiatives are currently being considered that
will influence the development of Federal dissemination of
government information via the Internet or in electronic format:
o _Reauthorization of the Paperwork Reduction of Act of 1991_ [S.
1044: Glenn Bill; S. 1139: Nunn Bill]; includes language on
electronic information dissemination and role of the Office of
Management, Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OMB-
OIRA).
o _Government Printing Office Wide Information Network for
Data Online Act of 1991_ (WINDO) [H.R. 2772]; "The
Superintendent of Documents under the direction of the Public
Printer, shall establish a program for proving to the public
access to public electronic information. Such a program will
provide a single point of access to a wide range of government
electronic databases..."
o _Improvement of Information Access Act_ [H.R. 3459]; deals with
standards, pricing, and access to government information--
especially in electronic format (Rep. Owens). Additional
responsibilities are given to agencies for managing and
disseminating government information.
o _American Technology Preeminence Act of 1991_, [P.L. 102-245]:
"Within 270 days after the date of enactment of this Act
[November, 1992], the Secretary shall report. . . on the
feasibility of establishing and operating a Federal Online
Information Product Catalog
(FEDLINE) at the National Technical Information Service which
would serve as a comprehensive inventory and authoritative
register of information products and services disseminated by the
Federal government and assist agencies and the public in locating
Federal Government information [Title V section 506].
o Government Wide Information Inventory Locator System. (3) Study
funded by OMB-OIRA [Available from OMB-OIRA or
through the ERIC Clearinghouse as ED 326-247]. Follow-up study
now in process that will identify existing Federal information
locator systems and determine the feasibility of government wide
access to these locators as well as making them available over
the Internet.
o Revision of OMB Circular A-130, "Management of Federal
Information Resources" [Federal Register 56, March 4, 1991, pp.
9026-9028]. The October 1, 1991 Federal Register, p. 49826
indicated that the Draft Revision of A-130 will be made available
by January 31, 1991 and a range of existing OMB Circulars related
to information management will be re-organized and revised.
Specific
responsibilities and requirements for agencies' management and
dissemination of information will be updated and revised.
o _GPO/2001: Vision for a New Millennium_ [Government
Printing Office, 1992]. A strategic plan for the GPO that would
develop, among other initiatives, (1) FIND: a Federal information
directory, a comprehensive Federal information product and
service locator system, (2) SEND, a satellite electronic network
dissemination system that would provide a daily satellite-based
dissemination of information products and services, and (3)
INTERACT, an interactive on-line electronic communication
system that would provide, on demand, electronic information.
These are not intended to be a comprehensive listing of current
Federal information policy initiatives that have potential impact
on the dissemination of electronic information via the Internet.
They do, however, suggest that increased pressure will be placed
on Federal agencies to disseminate information electronically,
and thus, via the Internet.